The sea and its islands form a sacred part of Vietnam’s territory, with the Truong Sa (Spratly) Archipelago standing as a fascinating and meaningful destination. This guide unveils everything you need to know about exploring this remarkable region.
Introduction to Truong Sa (Spratly) Islands
The Truong Sa (Spratly) Archipelago lies in the southern part of the East Sea (South China Sea), about 480 km from the Cam Ranh Peninsula in Khanh Hoa province, south-central Vietnam. As Vietnam’s first island district under Khanh Hoa province, the archipelago includes over 100 large and small islands, reefs, coral formations, and submerged features, scattered across a vast sea area of approximately 180,000 square kilometers.
The closest island to the mainland is Truong Sa Island, located roughly 250 nautical miles (about 463 km) from Cam Ranh Bay.
The archipelago is traditionally divided into eight main island groups: Song Tử, Thị Tứ, Loại Ta, Nam Yết, Sinh Tồn, Trường Sa, Thám Hiểm, and Bình Nguyên. Song Tử Tây is the highest island, rising about 4–6 meters above sea level at low tide, while Ba Bình is the largest in land area (approximately 0.6 km²). Altogether, the total land area of all islands, rocks, and sandbars in the Truong Sa Archipelago is modest—around 3 km².
Climate and Natural Conditions
The Truong Sa region is known for its harsh natural conditions, marked by strong sunshine, winds, frequent storms, and limited freshwater resources on many islands. Its climate differs from the mainland, with two primary seasons: a dry season from January to May, and a rainy season from May to January. Thunderstorms can occur year-round, and the area is frequently affected by major storms, especially during the rainy season.
Truong Sa Islands — A Sacred Symbol of National Sovereignty
Beyond its critical geostrategic position, the Truong Sa Archipelago stands as a sacred symbol of Vietnam’s national sovereignty over its seas and borders. The presence of Vietnamese soldiers and growing civilian communities on some islands underscores the country’s enduring claim and commitment to protecting its maritime territory. For Vietnam, Truong Sa is far more than a collection of landmasses—it represents a vital piece of the nation’s identity and maritime heritage.
Historical Background of Truong Sa
Vietnam’s sovereignty over the Truong Sa Islands is officially recognized and supported by substantial historical and legal evidence. Vietnamese claims date back at least to the 17th century under the Nguyen Lords, who documented the islands as part of their maritime domain.
By the 19th century, Emperor Minh Mạng officially named the archipelago “Vạn Lý Trường Sa” and integrated it into national maps and administrative records. Historical documents, including fishing activities and navigation by Vietnamese sailors, further bolster Vietnam’s longstanding claim.
How to Visit Truong Sa Island
Visiting Truong Sa is a unique and challenging endeavor due to its remote location and significant military importance.
First and foremost, the islands are not conventional tourist destinations. Access is highly restricted because many of the islands serve as military outposts. To visit, you’ll need special permission from the Vietnamese government, typically arranged through the Ministry of National Defense or the Vietnam People’s Navy.
Start by contacting the Vietnamese Embassy or Consulate in your country to inquire about application procedures. You may be required to submit a detailed explanation of your visit’s purpose.
Travel arrangements are usually conducted via official naval vessels, as there are no commercial flights or ferries servicing the islands. Visitors should prepare for very basic accommodations, limited amenities, and strict regulations during their stay. Patience and flexibility are essential, as approvals can take months and trips may be affected by weather or geopolitical conditions.
What to See and Do in Truong Sa
While Truong Sa is not a typical tourist hotspot with resorts and nightlife, it captivates visitors with its pristine environment and the opportunity to connect with the soldiers and residents living there.
Life and Self-Sufficiency on the Islands
Upon arrival, you’ll witness the remarkable efforts to build and sustain life in this remote region. Some islands feature schools, clinics, and concrete roads, indicating an established community.
On submerged islands like Đá Lát, Thuyền Chài, Đá Tây, Tiên Nữ, and Tốc Tan, naval personnel ingeniously cultivate organic vegetables and raise livestock to supplement their rations—a testament to the islands’ self-sufficiency and resilience.
Meeting the Optimistic Soldiers
A visit often includes opportunities to engage with navy officers and soldiers stationed on the islands. Their high spirits and dedication to safeguarding Vietnam’s maritime territory are deeply moving. Interacting with them offers a profound understanding of the islands’ significance and the sacrifices involved in protecting national sovereignty.
Enchanting Natural Beauty
Despite the harsh environment, the Truong Sa Islands boast breathtaking natural beauty. Expect pristine coral reefs brimming with vibrant marine life, crystal-clear turquoise waters, and untouched sandy beaches fringed with lush greenery. This untouched scenery captivates visitors and underscores the ecological richness of the archipelago.
The Lighthouses of Truong Sa
Nine lighthouses scattered across the archipelago serve as vital beacons for maritime safety. Managed by the East Sea and Islands Maritime Safety Company, these structures not only guide vessels through potentially treacherous waters but also stand as “sovereignty markers,” symbolizing Vietnam’s presence and claims over the region. Many lighthouses are solar-powered and shine brightly each night, reinforcing the country’s enduring watch over its seas.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about Truong Sa
Is Truong Sa Island safe for international travelers?
Yes, visiting Truong Sa is safe for international travelers provided you have official permission. The islands are under military control, and travel is subject to specific regulations and security measures. Always consult the relevant Vietnamese authorities for the latest updates on travel policies and safety requirements.
What language is spoken on Truong Sa?
The primary language spoken on Truong Sa Islands is Vietnamese. Soldiers, residents, and administrative personnel all communicate in Vietnamese, reflecting the islands’ governance under Khanh Hoa province.
What currency should I bring to Truong Sa?
If visiting Truong Sa, bring Vietnamese Dong (VND), the official currency. However, given the islands’ remote location, military presence, and limited civilian infrastructure, there is almost no commercial activity. Daily life revolves around self-sufficiency, so cash transactions are rare or unnecessary for most visitors.
Are there restrictions for tourists on the islands?
Yes. Visitors to Truong Sa must strictly adhere to military regulations and the guidance of naval personnel. Wandering alone, especially in poor weather, is prohibited. Life jackets are mandatory when traveling on smaller boats, and respectful attire is required as a sign of honor toward the soldiers stationed there. Visitors are expected to conduct themselves with caution and respect for the unique environment and military operations.
